Race and the Wealth Gap

Ted Barlow and Rob Lyman have been reminding folks of the importance of looking at race/wealth disparities, as well as the better-known income disparities. People are often surprised at just how huge the wealth gap is compared to the income gap.

Wanna see what I mean? In the following table, “net worth” refers to is the product of total assets minus total liabilities (I’ll provide a more detailed definition in the comments). As you can see, white households have about twice the income of non-white households, but eight times the wealth of black families and twenty-five times the wealth of Hispanic families

Race and various measures of monetary well-being, 1998.
(Source: Wolff, tables 7 & 8)
Whites Blacks b/w Ratio Hispanics h/w ratio
Median Income
(thousands)
37 20 0.54 23 0.62
Average Income
(thousands)
57.8 28.4 0.49 31.1 0.54
Median Net
Worth (thousands)
81.7 10 0.12 3 0.04
Average Net
Worth (thousands)
320.9 58.3 0.18 79.2 0.25
Homeownership
rate
71.8% 46.3% 0.67 44.2% 0.64
% of households
with zero or
negative net worth
14.8% 27.4% 2.09 36.2% 2.56

It’s also worth noticing that there are even big wealth gaps within the same income class; a poor (measured by income) white household is likely to have much more wealth than a poor black household. There has been a lot of talk about the emergence of a black middle class in the last few decades; important as that is, we should bear in mind that the black middle class is incredibly tiny if we measure class by wealth instead of income.

Race, income, and net worth for non-hispanic whites and non-hispanic blacks, 1998.
(Source: Wolff, table 9)
Income
class
percent
of whites
percent
of blacks
white average
net worth
black average
net worth
ratio
Under
$15,000
17.6% 40.9% $63,836 $16,152 0.25
$15,000-
$24,999
15.2% 16.9% $108,696 $31,913 0.29
$25,000-
$49,999
29.5% 24.8% $136,455 $62,635 0.46
$50,000-
$74,999
19.3% 11.1% $24,5647 $96,645 0.39
$75,000
and over
18.4% 6.2% $1,119,335 $320,223 0.29

Importantly, wealth more than income is what determines our ability to help our kids out – for instance, by helping them buy a first home. Wealth – or lack of wealth – tends to be passed down from generation to generation.

(There’s also a follow-up post, with data on wealth by race and age.).

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